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Types of Anxiety Disorders Everyone feels anxiety and fear at times, but when these feelings are extreme or ongoing and interfere with your daily routine, they could be a sign of an anxiety disorder. Talk therapy or psychotherapy and medication are effective treatments. First, visit your doctor to rule out any physical conditions that could be causing your symptoms. Then, a psychiatrist or another mental health specialist can determine the type of anxiety disorder that you are suffering from. Generalized anxiety disorder Everyone feels anxious now and then, and there can be good reasons to be concerned about things such as job responsibility, health, or money. If the worry is constant and takes over your life, it may be a more serious anxiety disorder known as generalized anxiety disorder. GAD is characterized by fear and anxiety that can affect the whole life of a person. They tend to anticipate the worst or assume that minor issues will turn into major problems. GAD can be experienced by anyone, and typically begins in childhood or adolescence however, it can also occur at any age. It is twice as prevalent in women and those deemed to females at birth as men. GAD can cause physical issues like headaches and stomachaches. It can also make it difficult to sleep. It can also interfere with social and work activities, leading people to avoid friends or family, and contribute to a loss of self-esteem. People who suffer from chronic and severe GAD are more likely to be depressed, but treatment can aid in managing both disorders. Although the exact cause is not known but it is clear that anxiety disorders are related to genetics and changes to brain structures that alter your body's response to stress. Some experts believe that a lack of neurotransmitters in the brain plays a role too. GAD is not curable, however it can be controlled through psychotherapy (talk-therapy) and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is various treatments that teach you to identify and modify negative thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a form of talk therapy that will help you learn to control your thinking patterns that are unbalanced and lessen your anxiety by confronting them. The use of medicines can ease some of the physical symptoms, including dizziness and heart palpitations. These include antidepressants and benzodiazepines, as well as some medications that treat seizures, like hydroxyzine. GAD can be difficult to recognize, but it is important to seek help when you are worried or if other symptoms of the disorder are noticeable. It is much easier to treat by seeking help early, before the physical and mental symptoms begin to affect your life. Panic disorder This type of anxiety disorder is characterized by repeated, sudden feelings of intense terror and fear that peak within minutes (panic attacks). The disorder can also trigger chest pain, shortness of breath or the feeling that your heart is fluttering or beating (heart palpitations). They worry that the symptoms they're experiencing are symptoms of a heart attacks. People with panic disorder may be at risk of developing other anxiety disorders, as well as depression and other health problems like hyperthyroidism or asthma. Researchers believe that anxiety disorders are caused by a combination factors. Certain studies suggest that they could be due to brain circuits that control emotions and fear. Other studies suggest that genetics, life experiences such as childhood abuse, or traumatic events are common causes of anxiety disorder. Many people with anxiety issues have a first degree relative who has the condition. Anxiety disorders can cause people to be anxious all the time even though they know that their fears are irrational. This can cause difficulties in social situations, at work or in school. In addition, some sufferers of anxiety disorders have difficulty sleeping or eat well. They might also experience muscle tension, irritability, and trouble concentrating. A person with generalized anxiety disorder is likely to be plagued by a variety of worries about daily tasks, like work responsibilities or family issues. They're also likely to be restless or easily fatigued as well as having trouble concentrating. They frequently worry about the safety of themselves or others. The good news is that there are effective treatments for anxiety disorders. Treatments include psychotherapy, medication and complementary health practices. A mental health professional will help you identify the disorder that causes your symptoms, and recommend the best treatment. Psychotherapy or talk therapy can help you deal with your anxiety and reduce panic attacks. There are several types of psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavior therapy as well as exposure response preventative. These therapies can be done individually or in group. Social anxiety disorder While many people are anxious or shy in certain situations, a social anxiety disorders cause such extreme fear, anxiety and avoidance of social interactions that it can interfere with daily life routines. It typically begins in childhood, but may also appear in early adulthood. It can manifest itself as anxiety in certain social situations like speaking in class or going out on a date. It could also be more widespread and include avoiding all situations that could lead to being considered a failure. When someone with SAD recognizes that their fear is irrational, they still feel powerless to overcome it. They attempt to manage the symptoms by avoiding situations that cause anxiety, but this can make them more anxious. They might also develop “safety behaviours” to try to reduce their anxiety, like drinking alcohol, avoiding conversation and avoid eye contact. In addition to the psychotherapy, some patients with SAD can benefit from medication. These antidepressants can help balance some neurotransmitters within the brain. Some examples of these medications are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). If you or someone you know suffers from social anxiety disorder, it's essential to seek treatment. If left untreated, the disorder can be debilitating, and can lead to other mental health issues such as depression or substance abuse. If you or someone else who you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts call 911, your local crisis line or text TALK (741741) to consult with an emergency counselor. One in four people with anxiety disorders receive treatment. Treatment is impeded by a lack of awareness about anxiety disorders, a lack of funding for mental health services and stigma. It is also important that your healthcare provider understands the various types of anxiety disorders so that you can be properly diagnosed and treated. If you're not sure whether you suffer from an anxiety disorder, ask your doctor to refer you to a mental health professional or use an online screening tool. Specific Phobias A person with specific phobia has a persistent and a heightened fear of one or more things, situations, animals, or other people. These fears may be unrelated to the threat that the object or situation, but they can cause severe anxiety and hinder the ability to function in daily life. In contrast to other types of anxiety disorders, specific phobias are characterized by fear of a single stimulus rather than multiple stimuli. The object or situation that is feared could be anything, from dogs to heights or flying, injections to flying and crowded spaces. This is a common occurrence and is more common in males than women, and is more likely to start in adolescence or childhood. People with specific phobias know their fears are unfounded but this does not lessen the severity of their symptoms. Children who have phobias that are specific usually overcome them, but if the fear persists in adults, it may be difficult to treat. Doctors diagnose the disorder based on reported symptoms and their impact on daily function. Before determining a phobia, doctors are able to rule out other disorders with similar symptoms such as agoraphobia or social anxiety disorder. In earlier editions of DSM, adult patients were required to acknowledge their fears that were irrational as part of the diagnostic process. However, the 2013 edition states that this requirement is no longer needed for adults. There are two kinds of treatment for particular phobias: cognitive therapy and exposure therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is primarily focused on teaching people healthier ways of coping and changing their response to fear. Exposure-based therapy involves gradual and constant exposure to the feared object or situation. The patient might begin by thinking about the object or circumstance before moving on to looking at images of the subject, taking steps towards it (such as walking past an elevator), holding a toy snake, going to a zoo to look at real snakes, and then being in a noisy elevator. This type of therapy may not be able to eliminate a fear, but it can decrease the intensity. Other options for treating specific phobias include medications, such as antidepressants and anxiety drugs, and psychotherapy. People with specific phobias that test these therapies often have better results.